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Indian.Temples Research & Media Services
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Takshashila and the Making of Transregional Intellectual Networks in Ancient South Asia![]()
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Introduction Takshashila (Taxila) was an ancient city in Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan) that flourished from the 6th century BCE to the 5th century CE. It was located at the intersection of major trade routes, including those linked to the Silk Road, connecting regions such as China, Persia, and the western world. Owing to this position, it developed into an important centre of learning, culture, and commerce....![]()
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Takshashila and the Making of Transregional Intellectual Networks in Ancient South Asia
indiantempless.in
Introduction Takshashila (Taxila) was an ancient city in Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan) that flourished from the 6th century BCE to the 5th century CE. It was located at the intersection of major t...
A post claiming that a 300-million-year-old (30 crore years) Garuda Bell was discovered inside a lump of coal has been going viral on social media. The story is fascinating. But there is one simple problem.![]()
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30 crore years ago, humans did not exist. In fact, even dinosaurs had not appeared yet. Modern humans appeared only around 3 lakh years ago. So, if humans did not exist 30 crore years ago, how could a man-made metal object exist?![]()
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The confusion comes from mixing up two very different things.![]()
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The claim is that the bell was found inside coal from a geological formation that is around 300 million years old. But the age of the coal does not automatically become the age of the object allegedly found with it. Imagine finding a ₹10 coin buried in the soil near an ancient temple. Does that automatically make the coin as old as the temple? Of course not.![]()
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There is another problem too.![]()
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The bell was not discovered during a properly documented archaeological excavation. According to the story, it was found by a boy in the 1940s and remained with him for decades. So we have no reliable way of knowing the exact circumstances in which the bell was originally discovered.![]()
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Could the bell itself be old? Possibly.![]()
Could the figure on it be identified as Garuda? That is also worth investigating.![]()
But is there enough evidence to claim that a man-made bell existed 30 crore years ago—before humans and even before dinosaurs? No.![]()
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Questioning such claims does not mean disrespecting our heritage. India has an extraordinary history, incredible temples, remarkable sculptures and thousands of genuine archaeological discoveries. Our heritage does not need exaggerated claims to make it great.![]()
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Before believing something simply because it makes us feel proud, perhaps we should ask one simple question: Does the evidence actually support the claim?![]()
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What do you think? Share your thoughts in the comments.
IS THIS THE OLDEST SURVIVING TEMPLE?![]()
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The Mundeshwari Temple, located atop the Mundeshwari Hills in Bihar’s Kaimur district, is widely regarded as one of the oldest surviving Hindu temples in India.![]()
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The temple was documented by Thomas and William Daniell in 1790 and was also mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang in the early 7th century CE. This confirms that it has remained an active place of worship for at least 1,400 years.![]()
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An inscription discovered among the temple remains mentions a ruler named Maharaja Udayasena and is generally dated to either 575 CE or 636 CE, based on its script and language. Other finds at the site include a Shiva linga that appears to date to around the 5th century CE.![]()
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Most historians attribute the surviving architectural features and sculptures of the present temple to the 7th century. Together, the inscriptional, sculptural, and architectural evidence indicates that Mundeshwari was an important religious centre from at least the 6th century CE.![]()
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One intriguing discovery from the site is a Brahmi-inscribed seal of the Sri Lankan king Dutthagamani (1st century BCE), suggesting that the hill was already a place of pilgrimage attracting visitors from distant regions. However, the seal alone does not prove that the existing temple dates to that period.![]()
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Mundeshwari is undoubtedly among India’s oldest surviving temples. Yet, claims that the present temple dates to the 2nd century BCE are not supported by the available archaeological evidence.![]()
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📍 Mundeshwari Temple, Bihar
IS THIS THE OLDEST SURVIVING TEMPLE?![]()
![]()
The Mundeshwari Temple, located atop the Mundeshwari Hills in Bihar’s Kaimur district, is widely regarded as one of the oldest surviving Hindu temples in India.![]()
![]()
The temple was documented by Thomas and William Daniell in 1790 and was also mentioned by the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang in the early 7th century CE. This confirms that it has remained an active place of worship for at least 1,400 years.![]()
![]()
An inscription discovered among the temple remains mentions a ruler named Maharaja Udayasena and is generally dated to either 575 CE or 636 CE, based on its script and language. Other finds at the site include a Shiva linga that appears to date to around the 5th century CE.![]()
![]()
Most historians attribute the surviving architectural features and sculptures of the present temple to the 7th century. Together, the inscriptional, sculptural, and architectural evidence indicates that Mundeshwari was an important religious centre from at least the 6th century CE.![]()
![]()
One intriguing discovery from the site is a Brahmi-inscribed seal of the Sri Lankan king Dutthagamani (1st century BCE), suggesting that the hill was already a place of pilgrimage attracting visitors from distant regions. However, the seal alone does not prove that the existing temple dates to that period.![]()
![]()
Mundeshwari is undoubtedly among India’s oldest surviving temples. Yet, claims that the present temple dates to the 2nd century BCE are not supported by the available archaeological evidence.![]()
![]()
📍 Mundeshwari Temple, Bihar
Victory Over Vile- Kaliya Krishna In South Temple![]()
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Of the many Vaishnavaite figures we see on the temple walls, the Kaliya Krishna or the Nartana Krishna representing Krishna as the divine dancer. It is not only Shiva, who danced the tandava, but the other gods danced too, and the popular one after Shiva is the Nartana Krishna, wherein Krishna is seen dancing on the hoods of Kaliya, the serpent....![]()
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Victory Over Vile- Kaliya Krishna In South Temple
indiantempless.in
Of the many Vaishnavaite figures we see on the temple walls, the Kaliya Krishna or the Nartana Krishna representing Krishna as the divine dancer. It is not only Shiva, who danced the tandava, but t...